Застосування препарату "Агрозин" при вирощуванні садових культур

In the complex of measures that make up the technological process of garden cultivation, one of the most important links is a rational fertilizer system. Perennial fruit plants, unlike field crops, use two to three times less nutrients from fertilizers. The coefficient of their use, depending on the biological characteristics of breeds and varieties, the age of trees, precipitation, properties and level of soil fertility varies in the range: nitrogen-0.66-12.18; phosphorus-0.75-2.92; potassium – 0.19-7.9 %. Consequently, most of the nutrients of fertilizers that are not absorbed by plants are fixed in the soil in the form of poorly soluble compounds. Easily soluble ones are washed into the depth, polluting the soil water, and some of them enter the atmosphere by weathering. 

One of the most effective ways to eliminate the adverse effect of fertilizers in garden cenoses is: the use of agrotechnical methods that make it possible to widely use biological mechanisms that contribute to a significant reduction in the doses of mineral fertilizers. In the technology of growing garden crops, this effect can be provided by the enzyme preparation "Agrosin", which has the properties of oxidases – substances that transport active oxygen. The drug has a high penetrating power. With active oxygen, it "breaks" the chain of organic molecules contained in the soil, enhancing the processes that occur in the symbiosis of microorganisms and the plant root system. As a result of the action of microorganisms on the remains of organic compounds, humic acids are formed, which are capable of ion exchange reactions. 

In 2006, the Institute of Horticulture of the UAAS conducted research on the study of the enzyme preparation Agrosin in a young garden. 

Two experiments were carried out in apple plantations of Radogost and Askold varieties on a semi-dwarf rootstock planted in 2003. Tree placement – 4 ? 2 m. The soil is dark gray podzolized light loamy. In allotments, the drug was applied to the trunk strip 1.5 m wide at the recommended dose of 4.44 l / ha. 

In experiments on the background of applying various types and doses of mineral fertilizers according to generally accepted methods, the influence of the enzyme preparation on the indicators of potential fertility of dark gray podzolic soil, its main taxonomic groups of microorganisms, parameters and functional activity of the leaf surface, growth and laying of fruit formations in young apple trees, and economic efficiency of fruit cultivation was studied. 

Studies have established that the drug Agrosin contributed to an increase in the number of bacteria and mycomycetes in the soil. The number of bacteria in the soil on different fertilizer backgrounds increased 1.4-4.1 times when using Agrosin. And the number of mycomycetes (fungi) in the soil under the influence of Agrosin increased by 1.7-6.8 times. 

In experiments, the effect of Agrosin on increasing the nitrogen concentration was also positive. In experiments with the use of Agrosin, the concentration of nitrate nitrogen in the 0-60 cm soil layer increased by 1.4-6.0 times. 

Studies of soil samples in the determination of alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen found that the use of an enzyme preparation provided the necessary amount of alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen in the soil with a decrease in mineral fertilizer doses by 2-3 times. 

It was found that Agrosin increases the content of mobile phosphates and exchangeable potassium in the soil. In areas with the use of an enzyme preparation, when the total mineral fertilizer was reduced by 2-4 times of the active substance, the concentration of phosphates and potassium increased by 1.2-2.3 times. 

The use of separate nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers on the background of Agrosin increased the content of phosphorus and potassium in the soil by 1.1-2.3 times. The greatest effect appeared when applying a minimum amount of mineral fertilizers (15 kg/ha of active substance) and especially nitrogen. 

The mineral nutrition developed with the use of Agrosin had a corresponding effect on the photosynthetic activity of the leaves of young apple trees. The intensity of their photosynthesis varied in the range of 7.2-19.3 g / m2 per day. In all cases, under the influence of Agrosin, this indicator increased by 1.2-1.3 times. The use of the enzyme preparation stimulated the growth activity of young trees and the laying of fruit formations in their crowns. 

Calculations show that with a yield of 120 centners / ha of apple fruits, the use of Agrosin and minimal doses of mineral fertilizers (compared to the control) contributed to a tendency to reduce the total cost of cultivation and the cost of production. 

The combined use of an enzyme preparation and minimal doses of mineral fertilizers ensures an increase in the level of profitability up to 15 %, and most importantly: environmentally friendly products.